What are data?

Another nice blog post from Peter Murray-Rust, in his "thinking out loud before a presentation" series, from which I quote:

"Different people would have cutoffs at different points on this hierarchy [CR: Data → Information → Knowledge → Wisdom] but I think the following are fairly common attributes of data:

• it is [sic] distinct from most prose (although some prose would be better recast as data)
• it is generally a component of a larger information or knowledge structure
• facts and data are closely related
• many data are potentially reproducible or unique observations, are not opinions (though different people may produce different data)
• data, as facts, are not copyrightable.
• Collections of data and annotated data (data + metadata) may have considerably enhanced value over the individual items.
• Data can be processed by machine

Here are some statements which provide data:

• 36 26 38
• Melting Point: 300 K
• The reaction product was red
• my blog page is http://wwmm.ch.cam.ac.uk/blogs/murrayrust

and here are some which are not data

• her work is well respected
• we thank Dr. XYZZY for the crystals
• we find this reaction very difficult to perform

I think I mostly agree with that, although it made me think quite hard, and of course at the extreme anything is data for someone (these words are mere data for Blogger or our RSS aggregator or Google, for example). this can get difficult when your mission is to support research data! Our advice from JISC is to recognise the potential ambiguity, be flexible in accepting others, but take our own view in what we create.